In principle, anyone can become a miner. Because decentralized networks do not have the authority to regulate who can become miners, that's why a cryptocurrency requires some kind of mechanism to prevent one particular party from monopolizing mining. Imagine if someone controlled millions of peers and spread fake transactions. The system will be damaged immediately.So, Satoshi made a rule that miners must invest their computers in order to do mining. And they have to find hashes (products from cryptographic functions) that connect new blocks to existing blocks. This is called Proof-of-Work. In bitcoin the system is based on the SHA256 Hash Algorithm.
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